胡笳十八拍 10, 11, 12 (东汉) 蔡琰 [文姬]

Eighteen Refrains on Tartar Pipes 10, 11, 12 Cai Yan [Cai Wenji] (ca. 177-?)
Tr. YK Chan 陈耀国译

10
城头烽火不曾灭,疆场征战何时歇?
Beacons on the Great Wall are ne’er out at ease,
Will fights on the battlefield ever cease?

杀气朝朝冲塞门,胡风夜夜吹边月。
Day after day killing rampages through the frontier gates,
Night after night gusts whip along moonlit border in haste.

故乡隔兮音尘绝,哭无声兮气将咽。
Isolated from homeland news can’t be heard,
Muted sobs of frustration are swallowed and unheard.

一生辛苦兮缘离别,十拍悲深兮泪成血。
A hard life since my separation from those I love,
At sad tenth refrain my tears turn fast into blood
.

11
我非贪生而恶死,不能捐身兮心有以。
I loathe dying not because I wish to long live,
For good reasons I don’t take my own life.

生仍冀得兮归桑梓,死当埋骨兮长已矣。
Living, so one day to my homeland I’ll return,
If dead, and my bones buried that’s just not a concern.

日居月诸兮在戎垒,胡人宠我兮有二子。
Day in day out staying in war camp what I’ve done;
Tartar spoils me as I bore him two sons.

鞠之育之兮不羞耻,悯之念之兮生长边鄙。
Them I nurture without dishonour,
‘Tis a pity they’re brought up off the border.

十有一拍兮因兹起,哀响缠绵兮彻心髓。
So it starts for the eleventh refrain,
My grief lingers deep inside unrestrained.

12
东风应律兮暖气多,知是汉家天子兮布阳和。
Vernal breezes harmonize in a warming trend,
By virtue of the Han emperor’s grace it tends.

羌胡蹈舞兮共讴歌,两国交欢兮罢兵戈。
Southern Huns celebrate by song and dance,
For the two nations reconcile and lay down their arms.

忽遇汉使兮称近诏,遣千金兮赎妾身。
Han emissary suddenly brings forth the emperor’s mission,
That’s to send handsome monies for my repatriation.

喜得生还兮逢圣君,嗟别稚子兮会无因。
Joyful of survival and meeting the virtuous son of heaven,
But regrets to leaving young sons without good reason.

十有二拍兮哀乐均,去往两情兮难具陈。
At twelfth refrain grief and joy made even,
My mixed emotions are difficult for entailment
.

胡笳十八拍 7, 8, 9 (东汉) 蔡琰 [文姬]

Eighteen Refrains on Tartar Pipes 7, 8, 9 Cai Yan [Cai Wenji] (ca. 177-?)
Tr. YK Chan 陈耀国译

7
日暮风悲兮边声四起,不知愁心兮说向谁是?
At dusk whining winds on all sides of frontier start,
To whom shall I bare my mournful heart?

原野萧条兮烽戍万里,俗贱老弱兮少壮为美。
By destitute rampart outskirts beacons and tents stretch mile after mile.
The weak and old mistreated but the young and strong held up in style.

逐有水草兮安家葺垒,牛羊满野兮聚如蜂蚁。
Following water and grassland to settle as homestead in tents,
Herding cattle and sheep like bees and ants in open land.

草尽水弱兮羊马皆徙,七拍流恨兮恶居于此。
Sheep and horses driven again when grass and water exhaust,
At seventh refrain I loathe why I reside here and find myself lost.


8
为天有眼兮何不见我独漂流?为神有灵兮缘何处我天南海北头?
If an all-seeing eye is watching why it sees not I’m alone drifting?
If the Almighty keeps order why my world’s upside-down shifting?

我不负天兮天何配我殊匹?我不负神兮神何殛我越荒州?
I haven’t offended the one high above why am I betrothed into a foreign race?
I haven’t neglected the Almighty why am I banished to the wilderness without trace?

制兹八拍兮拟排忧,奈何曲成兮心转愁。
To relieve myself from sorrows this eight refrain ends,
Yet when the melody ends to melancholy my heart tends.


9
天无涯兮地无边,我心愁兮亦复然。
Heaven has no end, earth has no brink,
Melancholy in me is endless also I think.
生倏忽兮如白驹之过隙,然不得欢乐兮当我之盛年。
Life passes suddenly as it is ephemeral and toyed,
Yet in my prime I am not overwhelmed with joy.

怨兮欲问天,天苍苍兮上无缘。
Regretful, I wish to learn from heaven high,
Yet in vast space no reason’s found to confide.
举头仰望兮空云烟,九拍怀情兮谁与传?
Looking far above are just mists and grey,
Sentiments at ninth refrain to whom shall I convey?

【红楼梦曲·枉凝眉*】 (清) 曹雪芹 (约1715—约1763)

Futile Frown* Cao Xueqin (~1715-1763)
Trans. by YK Chan 陈耀国

一个是阆苑仙葩,One is a fairyland fresh flower;
一个是美玉无瑕。the other, a flawless jadestone empower’d.
若说没奇缘, If not for mysterious destiny,
今生偏又遇着他;how in this life we again meet each other;
若说有奇缘, If destiny really acts mysteriously,
如何心事终虚化?How’s that our wishes come to naught ever?

Wang Ying Mei

枉凝眉


一个枉自嗟呀, One sighs in futility;
一个空劳牵挂。 one uselessly harbors anxiety.
一个是水中月, One is a moon mirrored in water,
一个是镜中花。 one is a flower seen in the mirror.
想眼中能有多少泪珠儿,How many pearly tears from the eye
still seep,

怎经得秋流到冬尽, throughout autumn till winter’s end,
春流到夏! or throughout spring till summer’s
encounter’d?


Music composed by Wang Liping 王立平 (1941- ) for a Chinese TV series of Dream of Red Mansions
Originally sung by Chen Li 陈力 (soprano):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpzhz0UVdDQ
Guzheng arrangement古筝曲: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VvupUuXW5cY
__________________________
* As the lyrics of one of the songs narrated in Chapter 5 of Cao’s Dream of Red Mansions. The songs set the fate of the twelve belles as narrated in the following chapters of the novel. (Ref: http://baike.baidu.com/view/50556.htm)

紅豆詞* (清) 曹雪芹

Song of the Red Bean* Cao Xueqin (1715 — 1763/1724 — 1764)
Translated by YK Chan (December 2009); revised June 2013

红豆词

HongDou CI

滴不尽相思血泪抛红豆,开不完春柳春花满画楼。
睡不稳纱窗风雨黄昏后,忘不了新愁与旧愁。
咽不下玉粒金波噎满喉,照不尽菱花镜里形容瘦。
展不开的眉头,捱不明的更漏。
呀!恰便似遮不住的青山隐隐,流不断的绿水悠悠。

My bleeding heart and tears of desperation drip endlessly like red beans dropping;

Yet, forever blooming spring willows and flowers are in full view at this picturesque dwelling.

Tossing and turning after dusk for that storm strikes at the lace-screen window,

I forget not at all recent and past sorrow.

Swallowing not delicious rice and fine wine, they choke down my throat;

Looking into infinity the ornate mirror reflects only my meagerness and despair.

My frown can’t be unlocked; I endure the long dark night not.

Ah! It’s just like a green mountain that’s only vaguely veiled in fog,

Or a meandering emerald stream that can’t be block’d!
——————————
*The ‘red bean’, 红豆 hongdou, here really is the jequirity bean, which is produced by the leguminous jequirity plant (Abrus precatorius, cf. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrus_precatorius) and used often in Chinese poetry as a love token—相思豆 xiangsi dou, the love bean, e.g. 王维 (701-761) Wang Wei’s poem 相思 Xiangsi.

Xiangsi 相思 denotes a special yearning for a loved one, from whom the lover is separated. Cao’s 红豆詞 HongDou Ci (Song of the Red Bean) is from his famed Dream of Red Mansions. It was written as a poem for the protagonist, 贾宝玉 Jia Baoyu, to sing after he was separated from his lover, 林黛玉 Lin Daiyu. It appears in Chapter 28 of this classic novel.

Music composed by Liu XueAn 刘雪庵 (1905-1985)
Guzheng solo:

http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=NuRGlo2_L-4
José Carreras (tenor) performance:
http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSs1ciW_lUA&feature=related

後園作回文詩 王融 (467-493)

後園作回文詩      Rear Garden Semordnilap* Poem

王融                      Wang Rong  (467-493)

陳耀國 譯                 Tr. YK Chan

1 正讀 Forward 

斜峰繞徑曲             Around precipitous peaks winding paths count,

聳石帶山連             Rocks shoot up in nexus on the mount.

花餘拂戲鳥             Flowers left standing birds play in their midst,

樹密隱鳴蟬             In woven branches hissing cicadas are hid.

 2 反讀 Reverse

 蟬鳴隱密樹             Cicadas hiss deep in thick woods top,

 鳥戲拂餘花             Frolicking birds flutter as flowers flop.

 連山帶石聳             The mount rises with rock columns high,

 曲徑繞峰斜             Winding paths wrap around steep peaks nigh.

_____________________________________

*Cf.  http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/semordnilap

 

大風歌 劉邦

Song of Gale Winds*          LIU Bang (256 or 247 BCE – 195 BCE)

陳耀國 譯     Tr. YK Chan

大風起兮云飛揚          Gale winds blow wild clouds fly.

威加海內兮歸故鄉       Home coming now, I’ve conquered all within four

                                   seas.

安得猛士兮守四方       For peace of mind fierce warriors guard the

                                  country for me?!

 

*After defeating all his adversaries, LIU Bang rose to his opportune height to become the first emperor of the Han Dynasty in 202 BCE.  However, his subordinates rebelled soon afterwards.  In 195 BCE after suppressing the rebellion of YING Bu 英布, Lord of Huai Nan 淮南王, LIU returned to his native Pei County 沛縣 (in Jiang Su Province 今江蘇省).  Celebrating his triumph with friends and relatives, he sang this song at the banquet.

Although just made up of three lines of verse, the song is rich in meaning.  It encompasses the satisfaction and hesitation of a victor, the enormous joy of forgetting oneself, as well as the anxiety and fear of the future.  Establishing an enterprise was difficult; keeping it was even more so.  That was why he yearned for fierce warriors to stand guard for his country.  Even with the majesty of an emperor, he still harboured some pathetic emotion of a commoner.  At the momentous and pompous superiority of power, he voiced sincere sentiments from the heart.

_________________

Source 取材自: <古詩三百首>, 曹明綱 編選, 高克勤丶王立翔等 注評.  2000年 上海古籍出版社

 

 

四海之内皆兄弟也: 1st Anniversary of the Fukuyama Tsunami

The Japanese have been in love with Beethoven’s 9th for a century and more.
Toshio’s generation college students, practically all, have the Ode to Joy memorized in German.
This concert was in  仙台Sendai, a city in the area of the earthquake/tsunami….
they certainly needed an uplifting Event, with a 10K strong chorus.
Schiller: Ode to Joy, 4th movement, Beethoven’s 9th symphony
 http://www.youtube.com/embed/paH0V6JLxSI

I was at the Japanese Embassy yesterday to view an exhibition of the anniversary photos and Japanese children’s drawing project.  One of the photos (bottom left) in a composite shows a rescue team sent from China, working in the disaster area.–YK

International humanitarian aid for the Fukuyama tsunami

 

光緒的講話

The following is one of the numerous e-mails forwarded to me recently.  Although I can’t verify its origin or authenticity, as an unusual reformist emperor Guangxu’s ideas seem to be more progressive than some of ours in the 21st century.  It is commonly believed that Guangxu was poisoned by Yuan Shikai with arsenic.
 
The comments before and after his speech are not mine.–YK
百多年前光緒在北京大學的講話
 
 
讀後感到很新鮮,過去從未讀到過。說它新鮮還因為他的講話沒有現今流行的
八股氣,沒有官僚們常見的那些大話空話假話套話廢話,也沒有君臨天下傲視黎民
自以為“奉天承運”偉大正確的那種帝王的霸氣。再是他的改革的精神和開放的思想,
還是很可觀的。可惜這樣一位立志改革竭力要有所作為的青年帝王,竟被慈禧用
水銀偷偷給毒死了……
______________________________________________________________
百多年前光緒在北京大學的講話
 
 
站在千名京師大學堂學生前面,光緒沈默了片刻後,徐徐說道,“天是
京師大學堂正式開學的第一天,所謂學堂,在朕看來就是研習學問的地方。
雲軒閣我們的古人有一個傳統叫作坐而論道,今天,朕就和你們論一論這世間
的道。”。說罷,光緒抬起右手輕輕的往下壓了壓:“大家都坐下吧,朕也坐下。”
眾人遲疑了片刻,都紛紛席地而坐,目光有些疑惑的望著前面的皇上。一旁的
太監也端過來一把放有明黃色座墊的椅子,光緒一提衣襟下擺,靜靜的坐下說道:
朕從識字開始,朕的老師就在教授朕為君之道,朕親政後,也在不斷學習治國
之道。世間的道或許有所不同,但是朕一直在想,對於我們這樣一個國家,
什麼才是真正的大道,什麼才是讓國家振興之道!”
 
這次開辦京師大學堂遇到了很多阻力和質疑,大家也都清楚,這其中還死了人。
死的這個人叫王長益,朕一直在想,他為什麼會死呢?又是誰把他逼死的呢?
朕想到了幾百年前,也有一個姓王的人,叫王陽明,這個人大家都是知道的,
他曾經說過一句話,破山中賊易,破心中賊難。所以朕以為,王長益之死,就是
死於心中之賊!而這個賊,不僅在他心中,也在我們每個人心中,要論清世間的
大道,首先就要破除這心中之賊。”
 
王長益,因為家貧如洗,在科舉上面又是幾番落第,頗不得意。這次聽說就讀
京師大學堂每月都有生活津貼,將來畢業後還能謀得一個實缺,左思右想後,
雖然心裏也並不是十分情願,但還是到京師大學堂報了名。不曾想,他的這
一舉動卻惹來了同住在旅店裏的其他學子們的譏諷和嘲笑。王長益為人忠厚老實,
也不善言詞,再加上心中多少也有些羞愧,對這些人的謾駡更加不敢還擊,只是
左躲右閃,儘量回避和那些學子們見面。誰料到有一天晚上,那群學子們在店中
飲酒作對,一時興起,竟然在王長益的床頭貼了副對聯。上聯是:孝悌忠信禮義謙,
下聯是一二三四五六七。這副對聯的上聯缺了一個恥字,意思是罵王長益無恥。
下聯少了一個八,忘八,意思就是罵王長益是王八。那個時代的讀書人名節觀念
甚重,王長益的面子又比較薄,再加上心胸不夠開闊,受了這些天無數的氣,
心裏鬱結難遣。晚上躺在床上翻來覆去輾轉難眠,想到科舉失意,就讀京師
大學堂又招致如此的侮辱,一時氣憤之下,竟然用床單在房間裏面懸樑自盡了。
 
坐在下面的學子們隱隱的發出一些竊竊私語的聲音,光緒淡淡一笑,停頓了
一下接著說道:
然而這個心中之賊究竟是什麼呢?在朕看來,這第1,一個賊就是偽善!平常大家
學習程朱理學,學到的無非是,存天理,滅人欲。可是翻翻我們的歷史,歷朝
歷代,靠聖人之學,仁義道德當真就能夠治國平天下了?滿口仁義道德是無法
挽救一個國家的危亡的,你們想想,你們所學的四書五經、你們苦苦研習的
八股文,能夠抵抗洋人的堅船利炮嗎?能夠改變貪腐橫行,土地兼併,流民千里,
國家積弊叢生的局面嗎?重名節而輕實務,這裏面隱藏著的其實就是虛偽和虛弱。
再說說你們,如果這次朝廷沒有下旨,讓京師大學堂的學子們畢業後,能夠享有
科舉及第的待遇,你們能棄科舉而就新學嗎?朕不是責怪你們,朕只是希望你們
每個人都能明白,道德改變不了一個人的命運,也根本改變不了一個國家的命運,
空談道德仁義,就是世間最大的偽善。”
 
這第2,二個賊,就是守舊。說到這一點,朕想把17年前李鴻章寫給恭王信裏的
一段話念給大家:中國士大夫沉浸于章句小楷之積習,武夫悍卒又多粗蠢而不加
細心,以致所用非所學,所學非所用。無事則嗤外國之利器為奇技術巧,以為
不必學;有事則驚外國之利器為變怪神奇,以為不能學……17年前李鴻章的這些話,
至今仍然讓朕感慨啊。17年的時間過去了,我們的士大夫,乃至我們這個國家
依然如故。世間沒有一成不變的道理,天下事窮則變,變則通。今日的世勢,乃是
三千年未有之危局,因循守舊,固步自封,只會讓我們這個國家越來越落後,越來
越衰弱。長此以往,國將不國啊。”
 
所以朕今日說了這麼多,就是想告訴大家,朕為什麼堅持要開辦這個京師大學堂,
就是希望在座諸君,能夠破除我們心中之賊,以國家強盛為己任,不驕狂,不自卑,
正視現實,發憤圖強。”
 
整個禮堂內鴉雀無聲,連最初的竊竊私語都沒有了,只有一片凝重的讓人窒息的沈默。
_______________________________________________________________________
講話中的「重名節而輕實務」,一語中的點出國人之弊,但出自百多年前的封建帝王之口,非常難能
可貴。已退休的香港大學教授陳耀南博士,於其《中國文化對談錄》一書,亦指出中國人重道德以致
輕知識,於是不論理論科學與實際科學都不受到鼓勵。到近代遇到西方文化,以我之短逢人之長,
於是大吃其虧。這些觀點,讀來令人沉痛。但願今時今日國人都有以下的領會:「悟已往之不諫,
知來者之可追;實迷途其未遠,覺今是而昨非」。

冬至诗三首, & Let the Sun Shine In 陈耀国 YK Chan

()

 

昔日未空前  明朝焉绝後

喜怒哀樂慾  无为返田園

唐敖消遥游  小山赴红文1

浮生歲月沈  征途日暮歸

 

()                                                   ()

 

早见日中天     晚靠夕阳红                    冬临耳当顺     岁长欲从心

昏黄驯白辉     暗里耀天涯                    或曰人胜天     終归大自然

银光回反昼     太阴悦眼前                    明日永不多     自负成蹉跎

斗柄正北移     银河非寒冰                    心雄非万丈     他山无汗青


—————————————————

1 唐敖、小山俱()李汝珍著<鏡花缘>故事中心人物。

Let the sun shine in

during winter to savour its lovingness.

Its radiance thaws the heart

and invigorates you with compassion.

 

Like gentle tendrils solar rays

cuddle up the slender trunk, mending where it is sore.

Its warmth curls your hair more,

darkening it and rekindling youthful lore.

 

Outdoors it melts the frost

that slowly encroaches like moss,

chilling your conscious mind.

Let the sun shine in and reflect back to the frost.

 

Let not the sun shine in during summer time

when it is too hot to mime.

So scalding it’d numb your soul,

just keep the shutters down to block its tentacles.

 

Let the sun shine in spring and fall,

as it brightens the days you recall.

Drive away the rain and fog,

which are too much to be at odds.

 

May the sun always rise on Golden Pond,

and bring reflections on the water that meanders.

Punting on the way singing an evensong,

for sure I will hear it when you come on board.